The MPA’s 11th Annual Mineral Planning Survey is the primary data source on permitted aggregate reserves, production rates, and planning consents across the UK. The 2023 edition shows continued pressure on aggregate landbanks in England and Wales, where the pace of new planning permissions is running below the rates needed to sustain the statutory minimum reserve requirements that underpin infrastructure delivery. The gap between required and consented capacity has been widening for years, driven not by physical resource depletion but by planning system throughput — a distinction that matters for any analysis of aggregate supply risk, since the constraint is regulatory rather than geological.