Tagged “policy”

Non-critical minerals are critical

Europe has built four sophisticated policy instruments for its industrial future. None of them cover the foundational mineral layer that every industrial process depends on. This is not an oversight; it's the logical endpoint of an idea that started at the end of the Cold War.

Risks of financial de-risking

European industrial strategies depend on financing infrastructure that existing risk models weren't designed to price, so interest rates keep climbing for our own projects.